Forensic Science
© Karen Lotter
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May 11, 2008
Real Life Criminal Profiling
There is a difference in the work a forensic psychologist and a forensic psychiatrist does, and both - or neither - can become criminal profilers.
In real life, Forensic Psychology and Forensic Psychiatry are not what we see in movies like
Silence of the Lambs or British TV show,
Cracker although, because of shows like these, profilers – both real and fictional – have become high profile celebrities.
Silence of the Lambs first popularised profiling when it won five Oscars and cast a completely new light on insanity.
Behavioral Science Unit (BSU)
In an unprecedented move, author Thomas Harris received permission to go to meetings of the Behavioral Science Unit (BSU) of the FBI and learn about the men who did the profiling. From them, he devised the novels,
Red Dragon and
The Silence of the Lambs.
According to
Crimelibary.com : “the unfortunate impression was given in this story that young agents can become profilers without any field experience and that female agents might be left alone with dangerous killers—even go out on their own to try to apprehend them.”
Forensic Psychologist
Psychologists study behaviour. They do not have a medial degree. Forensic psychology is the practice of clinical psychology within our legal system. A forensic psychologist may assist in a wide variety of civil matters as well as criminal ones. Forensic psychologists work mainly in the prison and probation services to develop intervention techniques and treatment programs. Much of the work of a forensic psychologist focuses on therapy in correctional settings.
Forensic PsychiatristPsychiatrists on the other hand first qualify as medial doctors, then specialize as psychiatrist and then usually do an extra qualification in
Forensic Psychiatry.Favorite Criminal Profilers in FictionOne of my favourite criminal profilers in fiction is Jeffrey Deaver’s
Lincoln Rhymes, who is a quadriplegic, and has the ability to profile criminals from his home through other police officers.
I also have a soft spot for James Patterson's forensic psychologist,
Alex Cross.
Apr 12, 2008
Trial of Serial Killer Ted Bundy
True Crime Writer Anne Rule knew in her heart that her former friend Ted Bundy was a serial killer, but the bite mark evidence convinced her.
I’m not quite sure what started me on bite marks maybe one of the true crime programs I enjoy watching in TV – we get the Crime and Investigation Channel here in South Africa so I am intimately familiar with serial killers and a host of forensic science topics from watching reruns of the programs.
I guess it was one of the serial killer programs that focused on Ted Bundy. In this one True Crime writer Anne Rule was talking about the time when she and
Ted Bundy were friends.
While a university student in Seattle, Bundy worked all kinds of odd jobs including as a night-shift volunteer at Seattle's Suicide Hot Line. That was where he met and worked with former Seattle policewoman and fledgling crime writer Ann Rule. Who later wrote the most famous biography of Bundy and his crimes,
The Stranger Beside Me.
In an interview with
Katherine Ramsland, Rule says that she knew that Bundy was a serial killer but s tiny shed of doubt remained and that the
bite mark evidence during the trial, which she covered as a reporter, remained the hardest for her:
"To be absolutely sure about his guilt," Rule remembers, "I needed to see direct physical evidence, and there it was, no question. It made me sick to my stomach. I went down to the hall to the ladies' room and threw up. Yet he still maintained this suave, friendly look. It was a bad day for me."
The Stranger Beside Me launched her career.
Being an Anne Rule fan and a writer I wondered at the incredible coincidence of a serial killer and a true crime writer becoming friends before their paths would take them in such opposite, yet similar directions.
Mar 29, 2008
Famous Criminalist Leads the Way
Dr Henry C Lee, well known criminalist and forensic scientist is adding an element of interactive teaching and tourism to his Institute in West Haven.
I Encountered Dr Henry C Lee on the Larry King ShowI 'm not sure where I encountered
Dr Henry C Lee for the first time – I guess it was on the Larry King Show during the Laci Peterson Case or maybe Elizabeth Smart’s disappearance.
But I was hooked. Now understand, Larry King comes on at about 3am in South Africa on CNN International, but I didn’t miss a show.
Criminalist Dr Henry Lee and forensic Pathologist Dr Cyril H. Wecht were called in to examine the remains of Laci and the unborn baby. Both Lee and Wecht also investigated the death of federal intern Chandra Levy. That was another crime story I watched, unfolding.
When writing the article on Dr Henry C Lee I realized that he had also been on the OJ Simpson Case.
Interactive Museum and Education CentreLast week I was interested to learn that according to the US Fed News Service, Gov. M. Jodi Rell, announced that a new interactive museum and education center, which is believed to be the first of its kind in the nation, will be built at the at the University of New Haven, in Connecticut, thanks to $1 million in state bond funds.
This new building at the
Henry C Lee Forensic Science Institute which will house the museum and learning center, will exhibit prominent cases, investigative techniques, crime scenes, historical archives and interactive displays. Visitors will also be able to view work taking place in the DNA fingerprint and chemistry laboratories at the Institute.
The Henry C. Lee Forensic Science InsititueThe Henry C. Lee Forensic Science Institute already provides postgraduate training to law enforcement personnel from across the state and the country, and also provides consultation services to lawyers and police departments.
Mar 12, 2008
New Body Farm in Texas
Patricia Cornwell’s The Body Farm drew the world’s attention to the forensic research facility in Knoxville, Tennessee. A new one is being established in Texas.
I remember well when I picked up one of my favorite thriller writers, Patricia Cornwell’s fifth
Kay Scarpetta Book,
The Body Farm. Like with all her earlier books, I couldn’t wait to get home, turn off the phones and settle down to devour it in one go.
Dr Kay Scarpetta - Special Forensic SkillsIn
The Body Farm, Cornwell’s chief medical examiner Dr. Kay Scarpetta, solves another difficult mystery needing her special forensic skills and insights.
Scarpetta is joined by Benton Wesley, her niece Lucy, now working for the FBI, and detective Pete Marino.
The Body Farm, like all Patricia Cornwell’s books, is original and a masterpiece of forensic science fiction writing, although the actual body farm from the title is only the subject of one chapter of the book, if I remember correctly.
Three Body Farms in the USAWell, more body farms are being established in the USA – the latest one at Texas State.
According to a media release dated 12 January,
“The Forensic Research Facility will be an open-air lab of approximately five acres surrounded by high security fencing. Within this lab, human bodies that have been donated to the facility will be allowed to decompose in a natural environment under the study of forensic anthropologists.”It will also provide training in the identification of skeletal and dental remains. Workshops for law enforcement at the facility will include crime scene training, human identification and cadaver dog training.
Law Enforcement Agencies Support the Texas Body FarmLike the Body Farm at Knoxville, Tennessee, all bodies in the facility will be treated with respect and according to regular protocol for the study of human remains. Support for the Texas body farm has come from many law enforcement agencies in Texas and nationally.
Mar 2, 2008
Whacky Urban Legends
I had fun writing the Forensic Science Urban Legends because these “believe it or not” stories remind me of village gossip of my childhood.
Forensic Science is Not Always About Serious StuffI had plenty of fun writing the
Forensic Science Urban Legends and
Forensic Science T-Shirts articles. I mean, who says forensic science always has to be about serious stuff?
But it really did get me thinking about how wide the topic really is.
When I started writing Forensic Science articles I made a list of articles I could write about
DNA profiles and fingerprints and
toolmarks – all the CSI related topics because that is what immediately comes to mind when one thinks of Forensic Science.
But as I have been writing and reading and researching, I have come upon heaps of other stuff related to forensic science, like the material that led to the Forensic Science Urban Legends and Forensic Science T-Shirts articles.
Forensic Urban Legends are Not the Same as a HoaxI having been thinking a lot about urban legends or “tall tales” or “believe it or not” stories and trying to work out the fine line that separates them from hoaxes. I think one has a look at all the definitions of what is a hoax, they agree that it is the intention to deceive or trick.
Forensic urban legends may also be mostly untrue, but I don’t think they are purposely created with the same intention that hoaxes are created. Maybe there is merely a degree of difference.
For me, urban legends are more like believe it or not stories – sometimes weird and whacky stories; odd, unusual and well, often bizarre.
Village GossipI grew up in the country in a small town and I guess I enjoy these forensic science urban legends because they remind me a lot of the village gossip and stories I grew up with as a child.
Feb 18, 2008
Informative Forensic Magazine
Although Forensic Magazine is an authoritative trade publication, it is accessible and interesting for CSI and other forensic science enthusiasts.
Sometimes it’s quite hard to keep up with all the happenings in the world of Forensic Science so I’m constantly looking for good sources of information. I found a great one recently in
Forensic Magazine.The
Forensic Magazine Website is jam-packed with every type of article the most devoted CSI or forensic science enthusiast could ever want to read. It is obviously targeted at the forensic industry but is pretty accessible to interested laypeople.
The blurb on the website says:
“Forensic Magazine® is among today's leading trade publications focusing exclusively on the field of forensics. Published 6 times a year, it has been hailed by industry experts as an authoritative, trusted publication. Designed to help forensics specialists keep current with today's demands, each issue features valuable trade tips, invigorating articles and more.”One can subscribe to the
Forensic Magazine and if you live in the USA, even receive a hard copy of it.
March Issue of Forensic Magazine - Forensic Art, DNA, AFIS and moreI was very interested in the articles in the March issue which run from Forensic Art to AFIS and DNA to Appropriate Standards and Controls in Computer Forensics.
The line-up of back issues is tempting and I know that I will keep dipping into them for my forensic science fix every now and then.
Forensic JobsBut it was the Forensic Jobs that really caught my eye – everything from an Associate Professor of Forensic Pathology, to Forensic Accounting jobs, Forensic Nurse, Forensic Investigations, Forensics Toxicologist, Forensic Specializing Criminalist and many more.
So, I guess I’ll be paying some regular visits to
Forensic Magazine – you can expect to see it cropping up as a reference quite often.
Feb 7, 2008
Personal Info to be Collected
The FBI’s is embarking of a massive biometric information gathering program to beef up its databases. For some it is an invasion of privacy.
There are many kinds of databases that are used for identification in crime prevention like the well known super databases - VICAP and
CODIS. We know that forensic science wouldn’t be the same without all these vast databanks, even ones of sneakers and of tire prints and
toolmarks. They are all essential in crime scene processing.
But now, I think the FBI is going a bit overboard. In a recent report from Clarkesburg, West Virginia, the FBI said that it is gearing up to create a massive computer database of people's physical characteristics, all part of its effort to better identify criminals and terrorists.
Civil liberties experts agree with me that the people of America should be very afraid!
Biometric Information DatabaseAccording to CNN.com/technology, the bureau is expected to announce in coming days the awarding of a $1 billion, 10-year contract to help create the database that will compile an array of biometric information - from palm prints to eye scans.
The FBI wants to add all this additional information to its 55 million sets of fingerprints on file. In coming years, the bureau wants to compare palm prints, scars and tattoos, iris eye patterns, and facial shapes. The idea is to combine various pieces of biometric information to positively identify a potential suspect.
Civil Liberties Experts Say NoWhile law enforcement officials think this is a good idea, many people are not so happy with so much personal information being collected by the FBI.
It's the beginning of the surveillance society where you can be tracked anywhere, any time and all your movements, and eventually all your activities will be tracked and noted and correlated," said Barry Steinhardt, director of the American Civil Liberties Union's Technology and Liberty Project.
Jan 27, 2008
DNA Profiles- New Applications
New companies are using DNA profiles for commercial use, to "mine" personal information. Now Google has bought a share in an online DNA Service.
People are talking a lot about
DNA lately. I recently read an article from the United Kingdom where Britain’s Lord Justice Sedley suggested that everyone in the country (and all who visit) add their genetic information- their DNA profiles – to the Home Office database that already holds the DNA information of over four million people, which translates to five percent of the British population.
Human Genome ProjectEver since the Human Genome Project in 2003 in which the first set of 23 human chromosomes was decoded, scientists and the biotech industry have been exploring all possible avenues of exploiting this potential goldmine of information.
At present a group of new companies is offering to “mine’ your genes for information about your ancestors.
Oxford Ancestors - Personal Ancestry Resrearch
Oxford Ancestors claims to be the world’s leading provider of DNA-based services for use in personal ancestry research. Their services and products, they say, provide the scientific insight that allows people to explore and discover their own ancient genetic roots.
Not to be left out of the future, Google recently bought a $3.9 million minority stake in a Californian company called 23andme.
23andme - Personalized DNA Service23andme offers a personalized a web-based service that helps you read and understand your DNA . I also has your information stored, so that when medical and theoretical advances, relevant to your DNA profile are archived, you will be notified. The blurb says something about…after providing a saliva sample using an at-home kit, people can use their interactive tools to shed new light on their distant ancestors, their close family and most of all, themselves.
Imagine DNA Google Alerts– cool or creepy?
Jan 16, 2008
Forensic Science: Toolmarks
Toolmarks in forensic science, are the marks, imprints or scratches (usually very small) that tools like screwdrivers make in the process of committing a crime.
There are many aspects of forensic science that fascinate me. We are fortunate to have pretty good selection of Satellite TV in South Africa and we’re about to get more this year when more pay TV channels get into the market.
My favorites of course, are
A&E’s Crime & Investigation Network, Hallmark and BBC Prime where I can watch programs like
Cracker and
Spooks and
Wire in the Blood and
Prime Suspect.Toolmark Evidence at Many Crime ScenesWe also get most of the American hit programs like the
CSI Trilogy. At the moment
CSI New York and
CSI Las Vegas are showing on different channels.
So, I was watching something gripping that involved a gory crime scene the other night and it struck me how often
toolmark evidence features in crime scenes.
You usually see cops peering at the striations on a lock or car bumper or someone photographing toolmarks on a door frame that was jimmied open.
That's why I wrote the article about toolmarks and about indentations and scrapes and how important they are and why cops always seem to be photographing and measuring them at a crime scene.
Matching the Toolmark to the Particular ToolSomething that amazes me is when a fence or piece of wire is cut and the forensic scientists manage to match the toolmarks to the bolt cutters or the pliers that did it.
I know that the real world of crime scenes is not like it is on the TV and that the
CSI Effect has had both a positive and negative impact on crime fighting, but crime and cop shows and reality shows about bad guys sure make for great entertainment.
Also Read:The Lighter Side of ForensicsCareers: Forensic NursingChemiluminescent Luminol
Jan 3, 2008
Exciting Kay Scarpetta Books
She once worked in a coroner's office. It is Cornwell's knowledge of forensics and her ability to satisfy a "forensic literate" public that make Kay Scarpetta so hot.
My thirst for solving mysteries started at an early age and it didn’t take me long to graduate from Enid Blyton’s
Famous Five to murder mystery novels.
My mother was a crime novel devotee, so we’d go to the library together each week. I started with Agatha Christie and Ellery Queen and picked up the tricks of the trade as an armchair forensic criminologist.
Patricia Cornwell introduces Dr Kay Scarpetta, Chief Medical ExaminerWhen Patricia Cornwell’s
Dr Kay Scarpetta exploded onto the scene in 1990 with
Postmortem, I became a devoted follower of this Chief Medical Examiner. Murder Mystery novels had reached a new height.
Although Patricia Cornwell has written other books, including a biography of Billy Graham’s wife, none compare to her well researched Kay Scarpetta books which are packed with forensic evidence and new forensic technology, which certainly contribute to the
CSI effect, but make for white-knuckle reading.
1 March 1996, six of Patricia Cornwell's Kay Scarpetta books were on the USA Today list of the 25 most best-selling mystery books to date. The latest Scarpetta novel,
Book of the Dead, appeared in 2007.
What is so fascinating about Kay Scarpetta?I’ve tried to figure out what it is about Kay Scarpetta that is so fascinating, besides the fast paced, well written plot lines and the familiar characters of Lucy, her niece; Pete Marino, the cop side-kick and Benton Wesley, her FBI Profiler /lover.
Forensic evidence, forensic technology, forensic everything – that is the key to Kay Scarpetta. Somehow Cornwell knows absolutely how to present really gory and technical details in a way that is interesting and exciting.
To satisfy a reading public that is already pretty “forensic literate”, Patricia Cornwell always manages to come up with something new, and that is what we all wait for in the next Kay Scarpetta book.
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